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    Michael Salfino

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    Michael Salfino provides quantitative player and team analysis for the Wall Street Journal and Yahoo! Sports.

    • Pitching by the Numbers: Kings of swing (and miss)

      Dominance is what we seek from our pitchers and it's best identified not by radar guns or movement charts but by the hitters when they swing and miss.

      We've done this before more roughly. But thanks to Fangraphs and our friends at Baseball Info Solutions we have more complete data now that addresses some problems when we last addressed swinging strikes, most chiefly, sample size.

      So now we're limiting our search to 150 swings and misses. And then we look at fastballs only and see which pitchers deal the most effective heat when measured by the air conditioning that results from empty opponent's swings. Following each chart are some recommendations to attempt to bring fantasy relevance into sharper relief. However, the relevance of players that demonstrate such clear dominance should be clear to us all.

      Here's the list shorted by the percentage of at least 150 swings that were swinging strikes (stats through Thursday):

      Rank Name Team Pitch Number Swing Miss Rate
      1 Edinson Volquez(notes)
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    • Pitching by the Numbers: Speed demons

      Throwing a fastball with more velocity than about 85 percent of pitchers is a clear sign of elite ability. With more than half a season of data at our backs now, let's re-examine the top guns on the major league map and see how their results track the radar gun by looking at fastball value per 100 fastballs.

      Here are the 2011 speed demons (stats through the All-Star break):

      Name Team FB% FBv FBrun/100 Y! owned%
      Justin Verlander(notes) Det 55.3% 95.2 1.77 98%
      Michael Pineda(notes) Sea 63.8% 95 1.11 89%
      David Price(notes) TB 70.8% 94.8 1.11 98%
      Alexi Ogando(notes) Tex 66.8% 94.7 0.95 84%
      Edwin Jackson(notes) ChW 53.5% 94.4 0.36 36%
      Derek Holland(notes) Tex 62.7% 93.6 -0.26 25%
      Felix Hernandez(notes) Sea 54.6% 93.5 -0.01 98%
      Matt Garza(notes) ChC 53.5% 93.5 0.49 73%
      Ubaldo Jimenez(notes) Col 59.8% 93.4 0.2 95%
      CC Sabathia(notes) NYY 60.5% 93.3 0.78 98%
      Daniel Hudson(notes) Ari 60.9% 93.3 0.03 86%
      Clayton Kershaw(notes) LAD 66.6% 93.2 0.7 99%
      Jordan Zimmermann(notes) Was 59.4% 93.2 1.5 75%
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    • Pitching by the Numbers: Leading off

      When a pitcher allows the leadoff man to get on base, you can safely wager that the scoreboard is going to change. But when he sends him back dejected into the dugout, odds are good that a zero will be posted for that frame. So this week, we'll note leaders and trailers in on-base percentage allowed to the first batter faced in every inning.

      But first, I must note the overwhelming response to last week's column on run support where I opined that quality starts – though admittedly flawed – is a better category for our game than wins. In following the many comments, the strong consensus seemed to be agreement. But a fair number said that the best solution is to devalue wins some by keeping it as a category while also adding Quality Starts. But then we need another hitting category. (My suggestion – on-base percentage.)

      Now on to this week. With help from our friends at Baseball Prospectus, I note that if you retire the first batter this year, the expectation is 0.251 enemy runs (ERA of

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    • Pitching by the Numbers: Quality is Job 1

      Just because a dozen guys sat in a bar 30 years ago and came up with a game doesn't mean we should be stuck with their rules forever. The No. 1 fantasy baseball category that has to go is pitching wins.

      Consider this tale of two Indians pitchers – Josh Tomlin(notes) and Justin Masterson(notes). I hear the traditionalists carping right now, "Wins are projectable; you just need to assess overall team strength." But looking at run support leaders and trailers, Tomlin gets the seventh best run support per start (6.49 runs) while Masterson gets the fourth worst (2.73). Tomlin has a 3.86 ERA but has nine wins. Masterson's superior 2.98 ERA has netted him just five. They pitch for the same team. That has zero to do with player picking and everything to do with luck.

      The better stat – one that was harder to track back in the days of the New York City's La Rotisserie Française – is quality starts. It's not perfect, but let's not let that be the enemy of the good. It's superior to wins – more

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    • Pitching by the Numbers: Grading curve

      This is the second column this week because the first one tripped me up and I misread the category of data that was the foundation of the piece. I thought I was looking at per-100 pitch data and I was really looking at just runs saved on the those pitches regardless of how many of them the pitchers in question threw (so quantity likely would trump quality).

      That was exactly what I was trying to avoid. So let's do this again the correct way.

      In last week's column, I tossed in an aside about how I did not like pitchers whose out-pitch is a curveball, promising to explain why in a future column. Sam K. wanted to know now. So we'll postpone our first look at some under-appreciated relievers until next week and provide the answer.

      First, here's what a scout told me a few years ago when we were casually watching an Arizona Fall League game:

      Me: "Most overrated pitch?"

      Scout: "The curveball. I'm never impressed when I hear a guy has a plus-plus curveball. How many curveball specialists are

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    • Pitching by the Numbers: Worst things first

      Let's turn last week's 30-day split numbers on their head and this week look only at the most-owned pitchers who have pitched the worst over the last month.

      We're looking only at ownership rates over 80 percent. And we're sorting by ERA not because it's the most meaning stat for projection purposes – far from it – but because it's the number that makes us most sick when we're stealing away some time from our wives or girlfriends (almost stuck an "and" in there) to check the in-progress action on our smart phones.

      Analysis/recommendations will follow. Take your complaints to the comment boards. I understand that when you even suggest anything negative about guys who are over 80 percent owned, you are going to make readers more angry than soccer moms whose kids are stuck watching on the sidelines. Reason and objectivity rarely apply.

      (Note: statistics through Thursday, June 9)

      Name IP K ERA WHIP Y! Owned %
      Max Scherzer(notes) 26.1 21 7.52 1.67 93%
      Jonathan Papelbon(notes) 11.1 17 7.15
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    • Pitching by the Numbers: Month at a glance

      Sometimes it's the simple things that pay big dividends. There are so many resources at our disposal that we can forget to see which pitchers available in most leagues are pitching the best over the past month.

      This doesn't mean that they'll pitch well the next 30 days. But it's enough of a sample to be bettable if not bankable. We sort by strikeouts for a couple of reasons. The main one is that it's the most meaningful (i.e., has the most predictive value) of our fantasy stats when you're looking at about six starts. It's important to not just look at the total but to also eyeball the K/IP because many Yahoo! leagues have innings caps and sometimes they are quite severe relative to standard formats where quantity can sometimes trump quality in the counting stats.

      We took out pitches who have been rocked in ERA and WHIP. Again, WHIP is the more bettable stat when extrapolating a sample of this size. ERA can be greatly moved by one rocking where perhaps inherited runners scored or there

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    • Pitching by the Numbers: Swing and a miss

      The best skill that a pitcher can exhibit is getting batters to swing and miss.

      The elite ones generally excel at run prevention – the top 22 pitchers in swinging strike percentage have a collective ERA of 3.25 this year over 1,374 innings. The bottom 10 in the category, all with rates at least half of our leaders, have a combined ERA one run higher. Our cutoff here is not arbitrary or made in a way that generates the most pleasing results. It just happens to be where the essential tie in rate ended among the top 20.

      Here they are:

      (Note: statistics through Wednesday, May 25)

      Rank Name Team '11 SwStr% Career SS% IP ERA Y! Owned %
      1 Michael Pineda(notes) Sea 13.1% 13.1% 58.1 2.16 86%
      2 Shaun Marcum(notes) Mil 13.1% 10.5% 64.2 2.37 95%
      3 Cole Hamels(notes) Phi 11.9% 12.2% 67.2 3.06 98%
      4 Jonathan Sanchez(notes) SF 11.5% 10.5% 57 3.47 71%
      5 Bud Norris(notes) Hou 11.5% 11.1% 62 3.77 48%
      6 Jorge de la Rosa(notes) Col 11.4% 10.0% 59 3.51 52%
      7 Chris Narveson(notes) Mil 11.4% 8.8% 55.2 4.2
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    • Pitching by the Numbers: Fabulous fastballs

      The most important pitch in baseball is the fastball. The pitchers who can generate outs with that offering can get by with just average secondary stuff.

      Conversely, if you have elite secondary stuff with an average fastball, you will be in trouble most nights no matter your opponent.

      But how do we measure? Velocity is nice, but that doesn't account for command and movement. There is also the art of mixing pitches. A well placed and well sequenced 90-mph heater is more likely to vex a top hitter than first-pitch, 98-mph cheese over the meat of the plate.

      With the help of our friends at Fangraphs and Baseball Info Solutions, let's concern ourselves strictly with fastball results. Here are the current leader and trailers in runs above/below average per 100 fastballs thrown:

      Rank Name Team +/- Runs/100 fastballs ERA Expected ERA Y! Owned %
      1 Tim Hudson(notes) Atl 8.7 3.03 3.7 90%
      2 Kyle Lohse(notes) StL 8.6 2.17 3.67 80%
      5 C.J. Wilson(notes) Tex 8.4 3.38 3.54 83%
      6 Jair Jurrjens(notes)
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    • Pitching by the Numbers: Total control

      To a large extent, a pitcher is at the mercy of the hitter once the ball leaves his hand. Some things he has more control over than others though. Walks for sure. Strikeouts to a large extent. But a select few starters also have a proven tendency to control whether the batter hits the ball on the ground or in the air.

      We like that because the more your pitchers control, the better. The pitchers who induce grounders to a high degree relative to average generally will have lower ERAs because they give up less extra base hits. Alas, they tend to have higher WHIPs because grounders are significantly more likely to become hits than fly balls.

      Our extreme fly-ball pitchers tend to have better K rates and better WHIPs. But their ERAs will be higher than their WHIP indicates because, generally, more fly balls means more homers.

      Let's start with our extreme ground-ball pitchers. The higher the K-rate from them, the better because Ks are nearly a 100 percent guarantee that the batter will not

      Read More »from Pitching by the Numbers: Total control

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